ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the stress effects caused by sowing depth and the amounts and in the substrate; characterize the fruits and seeds of Hancornia speciosa (Mangaba); to analyze the germination and the initial development, 150 days after planting. A total of 572 fruits, collected in three localities in the Porto Nacional - TO region, were analyzed for longitudinal and transverse length, fresh mass, number of seeds and seed mass. The results showed values higher than those found in other studies, indicating that the fruits presented larger size and mass, although they presented a higher number of seeds per fruit. Germination potential was analyzed in the laboratory, and the effects of seeding depth and percentage of sand on the substrate, germinability and development were studied in the plant nursery. In the laboratory and plant nursery, respectively, the percentage of germination was 74.4% and 51.5%; mean germination time of 11 and 17 days and synchronization of germination of 2.79 and 2.75. The Weibull cumulative model to express germination behavior of H. speciosa had a good fit of the model to describe the observed data and its parameters (G, , ) served to compare the effect of germination expression on time. Both germination and early development characters should be best when applied at 1 cm depth and add up to 15% sand to the substrate.

O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar anatômica e micromorfometricamente folhas de C. brasiliense em três fitofisionomias do Cerrado (denso, típico e ralo), no município de Porto Nacional-TO. Amostras foram coletadas, fixadas e armazenadasestocadas em álcool 70%. Utilizando técnicas usuais para estudos em anatomia vegetal, foram obtidas secções transversais, longitudinais e paradérmicas do folíolo mediano para estudos anatômicos e micromorfométricos. Os folíolos de C. brasiliense apresentaram epiderme uniestratificada, recoberta por cutícula espessa na face adaxial e por estômatos paracíticos e tricomas tectores pluricelulares na face abaxial. O mesofilo é formado por duas a três camadas de parênquima paliçádico na face adaxial e esponjoso na abaxial. O feixe vascular é do tipo colateral, com demais feixes acessórios apresentando bainha que se estende até a epiderme. As análises micromorfométricas revelaram diferenças significativas na espessura da epiderme adaxial e do parênquima esponjoso em todas as plantas estudadas para cada uma das três fitofisionomias, sendo as médias mais elevadas encontradas nos folíolos das plantas crescendo em Cerrado esparso. Isto sugere que a influência de fatores ambientais pode ter modulado respostas morfológicas nas plantas.

The current study aims to study the anatomy and micromorphometry ofC. brasiliense leaves in three Cerrado (savanna) vegetation-types: dense, typical and sparse) - in the municipality of Porto Nacional-TO. Samples were collected, fixed and stored in alcohol 70%. Transverse, longitudinal and paradermal sections of the median leaflet were prepared for anatomical and micromorphometric studies using standard techniques. C. brasiliense leaflets show uniestratified epidermis covered by thick cuticle on the adaxial surface and by paracytic stomata and multicellular non-glandular trichomes on the abaxial surface. The mesophyll is formed by two or three layers of palisade parenchyma adaxially and spongy parenchyma abaxially. The vascular bundle is of the collateral type and the accessory bundles show a sheath extending into the epidermides. The micromorphometric analyses pointed to significant differences in the thickness of both adaxial epidermis and spongy parenchyma in all specimens from the three vegetation-types. The highest averages were found in the leaflets of sparse cerrado plants, suggesting that environmental factors may have an influence over the plants morphological responses.

Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) é uma espécie típica do Cerrado do Brasil Central e possui valor socioeconômico. Objetivou-se caracterizar anatômica e histoquimicamente as raízes e folhas desta espécie em diferentes estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento. Para a caracterização anatômica, as amostras foram fixadas em FAA50, incluídas em parafina e submetidas aos procedimentos usuais para microscopia de campo claro. Foram realizados testes histoquímicos para detecção de lipídios totais, taninos, lignina, amido e terpenoides com grupo carbonila nas folhas, bem como teste para amido nas raízes em cortes frescos. A raiz apresenta epiderme unisseriada, floema com canais secretores e xilema tetrarco. Aos cinco dias após a germinação, a planta apresenta regiões com crescimento secundário e possui região medular na raiz, com função de armazenamento de grãos de amido. As folhas exibem epiderme unisseriada, com tricomas glandulares, cutícula espessa e estômatos paracíticos, em ambas as faces. O mesofilo é dorsiventral, e a nervura central apresenta feixes vasculares colaterais com canais secretores associados ao floema. A caracterização histoquímica da folha evidenciou lipídios totais e compostos fenólicos, entre eles taninos e lignina, em diferentes tecidos da folha. A plântula apresenta características que demonstram sua adaptação ao ambiente Cerrado, como cutícula espessa, mesofilo dorsiventral, crescimento secundário e presença de tricomas, mesmo sendo cultivada em condições de viveiro.

Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) is a typical species of the Central Brazil cerrado and has socioeconomic importance. The present study aimed to characterize anatomically and histochemically the roots and leaves of this species at different stages of early development. For anatomical characterization, the samples were fixed in FAA50, embedded in paraffin and subjected to the usual procedures for light microscopy. Histochemical tests were performed to detect total lipids, tannins, lignin, starch and terpenoids with a carbonyl group in the leaves, and test for starch in roots in fresh cuts. The root has uniseriate epidermis, phloem and xylem with secretory ducts tetrarc. Five days after germination the plant presents regions with secondary growth and has the pith in the root, with storage function of starch grains. The leaves exhibit uniseriate epidermis with glandular trichomes, thick cuticle and paracytic stomata on both sides. The mesophyll is dorsiventral and midrib presents collateral vascular bundles with secretory ducts associated with phloem. The histochemical characterization showed lipids and phenolic compounds, including tannins and lignin in different tissues of the leaf. The seedling has characteristics that demonstrate its adaptation to Cerrado, as thick cuticle, dorsiventral mesophyll, secondary growth, presence of trichomes, even when cultivated in greenhouse.